Figure 1.2

Source: Rallings, Thrasher, and Ware (2006); various sources collated by author. In Newcastle the Progressives were the main anti-Labour party until 1958, and whilst some candidates stood under the Conservative label the Progressives and the Conservatives never stood against one another. In Sheffield the Conservative Party was part of the Progressive Party until 1947, and then until 1962 stood under the Conservative and Liberal Unionist banner. Multi-vacancy elections can throw up some interesting problems, particularly in regard to turnout (and especially when individual parties fail to put up a full slate of candidates). In these cases, an estimated level of turnout has been calculated, by taking the votes achieved by each candidate, dividing by the number of vacancies, and then dividing by the ward electorate.